Understanding New Jersey’s Societal Benefits Charge: What It Is, How Much It Costs, and Why It Exists
New Jersey residents may have noticed a line item on their utility bills labeled the “Societal Benefits Charge” (SBC). For many, it’s a mysterious fee that quietly adds to the cost of electricity and gas each month. But what exactly is it, how much are we paying, and why is it there? Let’s break it down.
What Is the Societal Benefits Charge?
The Societal Benefits Charge is a non-bypassable surcharge imposed on all electric and gas utility customers in New Jersey. It was established under the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999, a law designed to restructure the state’s utility market and promote competition. The SBC allows utilities to collect funds for programs deemed to provide broad societal value—initiatives that, in theory, benefit the public beyond just the individual ratepayer.
The charge funds a variety of programs, including:
- Clean Energy Initiatives: A significant portion supports New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program, which promotes energy efficiency and renewable energy sources like solar and wind.
- Low-Income Assistance: Programs like the Universal Service Fund (USF) and Lifeline help low-income households afford their utility bills.
- Environmental Remediation: Funds go toward cleaning up old manufactured gas plant sites, a legacy of early electricity production.
- Social Programs: Miscellaneous efforts, such as consumer education and support for uncollectible utility bills, also draw from the SBC.
In short, the SBC is a mechanism to pool customer money for projects and services that the state considers essential for the greater good.
How Much Is It?
The cost of the SBC varies depending on your utility provider and usage, but it’s a noticeable chunk of change statewide. In 2012, for example, the SBC raised $790 million from utility customers, according to NJ Spotlight News—a figure that dwarfed many other state taxes, trailing only income, sales, and corporate business taxes in revenue. Over the past decade, it’s collected over $5 billion from New Jersey’s electric and gas customers.
For individual households, the charge appears as a small percentage of the total bill, often calculated per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for electricity or per therm for gas. While exact rates differ by utility—such as Jersey Central Power & Light, PSE&G, or Atlantic City Electric—the annual SBC funding level proposed for 2025 by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU) is $344,665,000, as noted in recent posts on X. Spread across millions of ratepayers, this translates to a few dollars per month for the average residential customer, though larger commercial and industrial users can pay significantly more, sometimes exceeding a million dollars annually.
To put it in perspective, in 2012, clean energy programs alone took $309 million of the SBC pie, while low-income assistance accounted for at least $292 million. Smaller slices funded remediation ($83 million) and other social programs ($78 million). These numbers shift year to year, but they illustrate the scale of the charge.
Why Are We Being Charged for It?
The SBC exists because policymakers decided certain costs—once bundled into utility rates—should persist even after the 1999 deregulation of the energy market. The idea was to ensure funding for programs that benefit society as a whole, rather than leaving them to market forces or utility discretion. Here’s the rationale behind the key components:
- Clean Energy Push: New Jersey has ambitious renewable energy goals, and the SBC helps finance incentives for solar, wind, and energy efficiency upgrades. While rebates for solar panels have largely phased out, the charge still supports these efforts, aligning with the state’s environmental agenda.
- Helping the Vulnerable: Programs like the USF and Lifeline reflect a commitment to equity, ensuring low-income families aren’t left without heat or power. This is seen as a public good, preventing broader social and economic fallout.
- Cleaning Up the Past: The remediation of manufactured gas sites addresses historical pollution—a cost utilities might otherwise pass on or ignore without a dedicated funding stream.
- Market Stability: By covering uncollectible bills and consumer education, the SBC helps utilities operate smoothly in a competitive market, indirectly benefiting all customers.
Critics, however, argue it’s an unfair burden. Businesses, in particular, complain that the charge hikes their operating costs, making New Jersey less competitive. Some residents, as seen in X posts, call it a “hidden fee” funding “ridiculous liberal programs” like wind farms—reflecting frustration over transparency and priorities. Others point to instances where funds were diverted, like when Governor Chris Christie tapped the SBC to balance the state budget, raising questions about its true purpose.
The Bigger Picture
The Societal Benefits Charge is a trade-off: it spreads the cost of public goods across all ratepayers, ensuring they’re funded, but it also inflates utility bills in a state where energy costs are already among the nation’s highest. For 2025, with proposed increases tied to the SBC and other factors, customers of utilities like Jersey Central Power & Light could see bills rise by over 20%, amplifying the debate.
So why are we charged? Because New Jersey’s government sees the SBC as a tool to tackle energy, equity, and environmental challenges—whether everyone agrees with the approach or not. For ratepayers, it’s a reminder that every utility bill carries a little extra weight, funding a vision of societal benefit that’s as contentious as it is costly.